Market Update

General - RIO exploration - West African sorry, again - Gold Road

Good afternoon

well - no fun! Probably the expectation of at least a small year-end rally has been has been too much of consenus to come true! Relatively little things like the Huawei-story ( which country in the world does have the “right” to do what the US are doing???? )are rattling investors - but the weakness has to been seen as a mor egenral story more recently: Sell the rally - from previously : Buy the dip ! The - at least recently - inverse bond yield curve in the States has spooked investors as well, as has the BREXIT-story , with consquences, which are difficult to quantify.

We have made the experience over the last few years, that any corrections/runs etc are much more violent and much faster than say 10-15 years ago. The heavy involvement of machines/hedge funds is most probably responsible for that .

German factory orders - a volatile series - better again for a third month.

Equity markets in Europe as well as US futures are looking awful - base metals are weaker across the board, and oils is jittery as well, awaiting some OPEC news. Their decision should be a very difficult one this time - Saudi-Arabia under pressure to balance the trade-off between the killer-sultan being a nice guy for Trump, and oil prices. Clearly, a very political decision - so one should not expect too drastic cuts.

The best news perhaps today is hard to believe, but true: RIO has asked for permission to build a long road to connect the West Australian coast with their rumoured, major copper find 400 km inland. Contravening reports abouit it - one report is implying, that this could cost a couple of hundred million $, but I think more trustworthy is different information, which has put the cost of the planned road at 30 mill$. That´s bullish enough for me - building a road for 30 mill, an airstrip for 10 mill, and spending millions and milions of drilling, surveys, exploration camp etc are certainly confirming, that RIO got to be up to something very special here. My hope is, that BHP´s open discussion of their recent exploration success near Olympic Dam puts enough pressure on RIO to announce something soon.

West African - I have tried to understand the off-take agreement a bit better. I think it works this way: WAF deliver some gold to Taurus , and get paid the gold fix of that day. Similar to base metals, teh price is then beeing adjusted to the gold price of a certain period - I think it´s 8 days, and WAF receive a ( usually ) negative adjustment in line with the lowest price being paid during that time. The value of this offtake has a limit, and historically, looking at long time frames, it should amount to something like 15-17 US$/oz. Effectively this means, that WAF will receive 10-20 US$ less on their gold produced relative to not having the offtake. Clearly a way for Taurus to make some additional money over time - but given the excellent terms of the loan, I think perfectly ok. And let´s not forget: WAF will have ASIC of around 550 US$ - so I am not too worried about 10-20$ more or less for the gold price received.

One more thing with regards to the updated feasibility study expected in the 1st Quarter: Depending on the new reserve/resource estimate, my expectation is, that the company will construct a 2.5 millt plant, not a 2 millt plant, as currently expected by the analysts in their official research ( WAF have hinted previously of this being a possibility ). Pre-production capex should not change, as the difference will only be a few million$, and the company has a lot of fat being built into various parts of the feasibility study, which most probably will not be needed. This announcement could be another big positive for WAF, alongside more exploration news. Given, that no more equity will have to be raised, I sincerely hope, that in future positive announcements will indeed have a positive impact on the share price - i.e. investors cannot just wait for “the” placement to buy stock. I have heard, that some investors have been unhappy with WAF - especially with the placement price. But firstly: If you think, that it was too cheap, buy more at that price…and secondly, it really does not make a difference in the long run and for the valuation of the company, whether the placement would have been done at 27ct or 25ct…I am very happy, that it´s done - and in light of current markets, I think to get a full financing incl equity over the line, is a fantastic outcome and testimony to the nard work of Richard Hyde, the MD. As you know - I am talking my book - but as you can see, I am totally convinced as well!

Gold Road / Gold Fields - the companies updated on their 50/50 JV , Gruyere, which will see first gold in the 2nd Quarter 2019. Production will be slightly higher , but interestingly, costs are expected to rise from 945 A$ AISC to 1025 A$ AISC - the companies give higher diesel prices as well as higher labor costs as reason. I would think, that these pressures will impact many otehr miners as well. Having said this - diesel prices have probably come back already, and will come back more ( and , following the oil price, But labor costs would apply to most - at least in remote locations like this one. The companies had done the original LOM ( life of mine ) plan back in 2016, when we probably at absolute lows for labor costs, and also for oil.

Have a nice evening - well, you should not look at the screen, then!

WS

General - West African - Lynas

Good morning

over 10 years, gold is up by 50% - Palladium is up by 500%, to be more expensive than gold for the firstb time in 16 years. Palladium at all time high - from what I read, driven by increased sales of gasoline cars vs diesel cars ( their catalysator is using platinum ). I always thought, that platinum and palladium can substitute each other? Does not seem to be that easy, obviously.

UBS bullish on base metals, especially nickel, for 2019 - driven by a more dovish FED, and signs of a trade agreement. With regards to the latetr, there seems some confusion around…Trump tweeting an greement - subsequently put into question by his paladines. But over night, China has put into train a few measures, and made some noises into the right direction.

Mrs May is getting slaughtered by her fellow country men. From hard BREXIT to NO BREXIT just about everything seems to be possible. I do not understand it, to be honest - have given up to understand English politics alltogether! I do understand the Bank of England: In the case of a hard BEXIT they expect property prices to fall by 30%, for example…

China PMI did recover somewhat…better than expected - that probably helped the metals today, which are basically unchanged today, while equity markets in Europe have been weak. Oil turned around from pretty weak this morning, to slightly better.

I thought the window for capital raisings had closed, as quite a few inst´s have closed their book for this year. But obviously, WAF raising money ( I hear it´s done ), and Sheffield also in trading halt for capital raising….same for Echo Resources…and probably others I do not know about.

West African Resources - placement to raise 43 mill A$ at 25ct…followed by a SPP for retail sharehodlers, who can subscribe for up to 15.000 A$ at the same price. Taurus, the finance group, is giving them 200 Mill US$ at 7,75% p.a. on drawn amounts, Quarterly payments, last one Dec 2024. Early repaymnet also possible, no penalty. No hedging required. These terms are incredible. There is an off-take agreement, which I do not understand - will talk to the company tomorrow. The proejct is now fully funded, incl a 10% contingency on capital costs, 33 mill$ in working capital, and 15 mill$ in exploration spend! This is testimony to the outstanding quality of the project. The bankable fesibility study includes 5 years of 210.000 oz p.a. at US$550 /oz AISC…a license to print money. The after tax NPV 5% is 540 mill A$, IRR of 50%. The company is currently working on anotehr update of the feasibility study, potentially producing even more over the first 5 years - and exploration has strongly indicated, that the high grade resource will extend by at least anotehr 220 undeground = additional 2.5 years of mine life at the high production rate. All pretty incredible…and production will comemnce during teh 2nd Half of 2020. I cannot believe, that nobody is taking these guys over - might be Burkina Faso country risk, might be the hope, that tehy will have a comissioning hickup, providing a great takeover opportunity. One reason, for sure, is the terrible state of the North American gold sector. I am a large holder, and while the placement price of 25ct is slightly disappointing ( in the end, the valuation is only very marginally affected by say a 2ct difference in placement price ), I am very happy with this financing package.

Lynas - are very unhappy! While 7 different agencies all gave them the thumps up for compliance with everything, the goevrnment came out with a statement today, expecting LYC to transport all residues back to Australia!! Malaysia got the investment, a great plant, 1000 direct jobs and anotehr 4000 indirect jobs, Australia will undoubtedly say: No thanks! A huge problem for LYC - we are talking 1.5 mill t of material! It could well be, that they will ahve to close the plant some time next year. I feel very sorry for them - such a well managed company, and the MD has done a fantastic job…No need to own them in the moment, though.

Have a nice evening

WS

General - Foran Mining - West African Resources

Good afternoon

well well well…one strong day - and here we go again! Trump´s Tweed on the weekend has been premature…This guy is not a loose cannon, he is a loose atomic bomb!! Kudlow says, that there is no deal as yet with Mr.Xi….Stock markets around the world feel almost the same as small resources: Good news are a one-day wonder, and just a liquidity-event! Some comments today about the inverse interest rate structure in the States - the first time in many years. For many investors, this is a sign of recession coming! But things are very different these days - history does not need to be reliable anymore. In my opinion, there are not too many signs on the wall, that we will have a recession next year…certainly reduced growth - but recession???

Teck is selling a 30% stake in what will be their largest copper mine for 1.3 bill$ to Sumitomo - I only had a quick look at it, but looks like a real bull market valuation!

Some analysts are slightly worried about short term copper outlook, as the premium for cash copper in China has been falling like a stone, indicating sluggish demand.

Macquarie updated their commodity price deck. No major changes - lithium spodumene prices up in the near term, nickel down, bulk materials up. But generally, positive for copper, very positive for nickel ( despite cutting their old, ultra-bullish forecast ), cautious for the bulks. They have more or less only adjusted their forecasts to the reality…In %-terms, they see the largest upside by far for nickel.

Foran Mining - Hudbay, which got to be one of the possible predators of Foran, yesterday got embarrased by a leaked internal email, stating, that the Flin Flon mining complex would close in 2021 after 90 years of operating…sacking 777 people etc….If these guys do not have enough feed for their smelter, and we can only imgaine, how much it will cost to clean up the site of a smelter, which has been in operation for many decades….No wonder the Foran share price - for a change - looks well bid in the screen! Hudbay could theoretically pay anything for FOM - for as long as they can keep the smelter open. There are certainly other alternatives ( I guess ) for them, but they are located in South America and thousands of miles away! I know, that the ride in Foran has been very bumpy for all of us - but we could have an end of this journey in sight.

West African - in trading halt - financing to be announced - no details available as yet

Have a nice eveing

WS

General - lithium stocks MIN, PLS, LTR and PLL

Good afternoon

nice relieve-rally today…could we be in for a little Christmas run? Interest rate picture looking a bit rosier of late, and at least a pause in the trade war? At least the route seems stopped for now. Metals are joining into the positive mood as well - especially copper, which is trading at it´s best since late September. Nickel barely mooved, though…I guess none of us would have expected it to be at below 11.000 as a few days ago - and hence it´s a little disappointing, that it does not move any stronger today, and despite yet another low in LME-stocks.

I had another look at the lithium sector, which hs getting a few, more positive comments lately.

One reason for this is corporate action, another one , that it seems to take longer than planned to get expansions/new proejcts going in South America. And recent comments from Albemarle have highlighted, tha there is a tendency towards lithium hydroxide production, as opposed to lithium carbonate, which favours the Australian hard rock projects vs the South American brine projects. Water - and other enviromental issues in South America also seem to favour our Australians, beside of the fact, that country risk in Australia is comparatively low.

As you know, Mineral Resources is my favourite stock here, especially following the 50% sale of Wodgina, providing the market with a very positive lookthrough-valuation. But I would also expect, that this 3 bill$ company will get increased attention from North American investors, as their multiples are just half of what these guys pay for SQM or Albemarle, the big boys. I think some discount to these valuations is definitely warranted, as the mIning Services division of MIn shoudl attract a lower rating. But using the Wodgina valuation paid by Albemarle, you are getting this for free anyway.

The other intersting stock is Pilbara. With a market cap of 1.4 bill A$, and Stage 1 of their Pilgangoora Project approaching 100% of production, it´s largely derisked now. Stage 2 has been approved - this is the raal value-add - and will be in production in the 2nd Quarter 2020. It´s not fully financed as yet - but cash flow from Stage 1, debt from offtakers and hopefully some bank debt might well do the job without any equity. Bank debt is not easy to obtain for lithium projects - it´s still new for the banks, and the pricing of the various types of lithium is not that open. This is also providing soem barrieres of entry. But in the case of PLS, witha sizeable project, long term production, and offtakes, it should be a feasible option. Also, the largest shareholder is MinRes, with 7% - and I doubt, that tehy see this as a strategic investment, following the Albemarle tarnsaction. At the right price, it might well be available - and PLS is the only existing, large hard rock project in Australia without a big brother.

On a smaller scale, Liontown LTR and Piedmont, PLL, might be of interest. PLL ahve just completed a highly oversubcribed placement at 11ct to raise 12 mill$ - so they are well cashed up. The stock is not dirt cheap - market cap incl the placment about 80 mill A$, and the resource is not high grade ( 1,1% LI2O), but the location in Northern Carolina, next to existing Lithium production and to chemical industry, makes it special. The other smaller company I like is Liontown, with Craig Williams and Tim Goyder on the board. Nice resource - 24 millt at 1,4% LI2O, and scoping study to be published in January. At this stage, they are only planning for spodumene production - which is only an enrichment to 6% lithium. But somethingh like this does not take that long to bring into production. LTR also have a second lithium project in Western Australia, which is shaping up to be larger, but at similar grade to Piedmont - and tehy also own a vanadium project, which might be interesting. So all good here - including a relativly low markt cap of 30 mill A$ - but the downside here is, that they will need some fresh equity soon. I like their approach - don´t add as much value to their product as Piedmont, but potentially not needing such a long time line to develope. Their placement last week is an indication, that the window for fresh equity is still open for some - and I think that defintely includes lithium projects in good locations. So afterall, the fact that LTR needs money might not be all that negative.

Panoramic - had a nice moove today - as had the other nickel producers IGO and WSA. PAN will still be making money even at today´s horrible nickel price - and I think looking forward, there is only one direction for the nickel price. Having said this, I guess none of us would have expected nickel at current levels just a few month ago! PAN have sold forward 7.000t of nickel at 8,50 A$/lb, which is currently about 22 mill A$ in the money and which will help to pay back the small debt position of up to 40 mill A$. I believe, though, that net debt will only be at 25 mill A$ or so, once first payment will be received 2 month after first shipment, which is expected in the first half of January. Comissioning of the plant is currently taking place, and I would expect an announcement of first nickel production very soon. This should bring further market attention

Have a nice evening , and enjoy the nice gold price, currently at 1234 US$

WS

General - Lynas - Min Res - Gascoyne - West African - Foran Mining

Good afternoon

second estimate for US-GDP in the third Quarter remains unchanged at +3,5%, driven by household consumption up by 3,6% and amid slow inflation of 1.5-1.7% - depending on which measure you use.

Trump is bullying the FED again.

A client highlighted to me, that zinc is showing the largest backwardation in at least 10 years - that is, when strong physical demand prices available metal at a premium to contracts further out. Given interest rates, that should be the other way round. Most financial players are using the 3-month contract and constantly roll it forward. Interesting also: zinc stocks on the LME have been lower than today only once in 27years - that was in Dec 2007. In terms of weeks of consumption, tehy are the lowest since 1991. Copepr stocks are at a 10-year low; nickel stocks at a 5 year low. Mind you - this is only one indicator for demand - but this is congruent with the opinion of many market participants, that demand for base metals is very strong this year.

Lynas - had their AGM today. Very impressive presentation….they will close theirmplant for a few weeks in Dec, as tehy have reached their yearly production quota, and could not get an increase in time. But all 5 government agencies involved in the review of LYC´s assets in Malaysia have noticed, that no adverse findings in the activities of Lynas have been found. I guess it´s more or elss impossible for the jury to come to a different opinion, then? Probably the stock is still a buy, given the excellent management and the strategic imnportance of being the only significant producer of Rare Earth outside of China.

Mineral Resources - after the market closed, the broking arm of UBS was bidding institutions for a large stake in the company.

Gascoyne - not out of the woods as yet! They updated the market today, and had to cut guidance from 19-22.000 oz this Quarter to 17-18.000 oz. An unusual rain event has set the mine under water in mid-November and made access difficult for 12 days. The plant had to treat low grade stock piles because of that. The good news: the mill is performing very well and is consistently performing substantially above design. Following extensive grade control drilling, the resource has been cut by 20.000 oz to 542.000oz. The certainty of this resource should be pretty high now. The resource has been reduced for oxide- and transitional ore because of lower grades - this is not so good, as this most probably forms part of the early production. Interesting to see, that one analyst is expecting a low point of cash of 10 mill$, while anotehr one is expecting 15 mill$…you can see the speculative nature of even short term forecasts here. I think all will be fine - but the company continues to experience a few bumps on the way! Unless the road is clear, the stock is highly speculative - even though I think ultimately, it will be worth quite a bit more than the current 9-10ct!

West African - have awarded the 110 mill US$, underground mining contract to Byrnecut, a very experienced underground miner, which also has substantial West African / Burkina mining experience. Step by step…..

Foran Mining - late last week, announced the last holes from their sumemr drilling program, which were excellent: 39m with 3,13% CuEq and 23m with 3,31% CuEq. Both these hoels as well as recently announced results will enable inferred resources to be transferred to indicated resources, and be used in the forthcoming feasibility study. Perhaps not surprising in this market, that nobody seems to be interested!

Next week, I will highlight Aurelia Metals and Explaurum…I need to do some more work here and will be on business travel the next 2 days.

have a nice evening!

WS